Jarod+L

The Search for Life on Mars

The universe was created when a single small and hot point, expanded and cooled. The universe continued to expand and cool for millions of years. Protons and neutrons combined to create nucleus. Galaxies started forming about 2 billion years after the universe was created. Some galaxies collided with other galaxies to form bigger galaxies. Our galaxy was created about 3 billion years after the universe was created.

The Milky Way Galaxy
Our galaxy is made up of many different parts. There is a central bulge surrounded by a disc. In the center of the central bulge, there is the nucleus of the galaxy. The sun is in the disc, about halfway from the center of the galaxy. A dwarf galaxy is merging with ours on the other side. The galaxy's pull pulls in stars from up to 130,000 light years away. The entire galaxy is rotating, along with the individual stars. The History of the Solar System Planets were created when rocks that weren't too close to the sun became planetecimals. These collided with each other, and if they didn't collide too hard, they stuck together and became bigger. Eventually there were four planets, and then more were created. Some of the smaller ones became moons of different planets.

One of the first times that rockets were used were by the Chinese during a war against the Mongols in 1232. The Mongols were able to make their own rockets after the war, and spread them throughout Europe. Many experiments were done with rockets for the next 200 years. These experiments improved the distance that rockets could travel greater distances, and fly more accurately. Rockets were only used during war at this time. The idea to use rockets to travel into space was first thought of in 1898. This idea was introduced by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky. He was also the first to think of using liquid propellants instead of solid propellants to fuel the rocket. While it was his idea, Robert H. Goddard was the first to successfully make a liquid propellant rocket. The first satellite was sent into space by the Soviets in 1957.

= Rocket Stages = ==== media type="custom" key="13889798" align="center"

====

= Exploration of Mars Summary = = = There have been many missions to Mars in the last 40 years. There have been orbiters to send pictures, and rovers that landed on Mars to do tests, and also send pictures. One rover that landed on Mars was called the Odyssey. It landed on Mars in 2001. It was trying to find evidence of present or past life on Mars. It found high levels of hydrogen, so that means that there could be water, and there could be life. Another mission was Spirit. It landed in 2004 and stopped working in 2010. It's goal was to find more evidence of water.

= = = Labeled Rocket = = = = = = = = = =__ Rocket Experiment 1 __= = = == = = The purpose of this experiment was to find if the mass of the rocket affected the altitude. The experiment was performed by measuring the rockets before to find the mass. After that, the rockets were launched. An angle gun and trigonometry were used to find the altitude of the rocket. The hypothesis was that the lighter rockets were going to fly higher. = = = = In the experiment, the data was scattered, and the mass of the rocket didn't have much of an affect on the rocket, and the hypothesis wasn't proved right. The data was parabolic, and the perfect mass was 45.3 g. That rocket went 70 m in the air. There was an outlier that went 78.3 m in the air, and it was the heaviest rocket. The further that the mass went from 45.3 g, the lower the altitude. = = = = = = The first few times that we flew our rocket, it didn't launch. When we put in a new motor and igniter, it left the launch pad. The nose cone didn't come off, and our rocket became a dart. It landed deep in the ground = =

= Rocket Fin Experiment = = = ===The purpose of this experiment was to find out how the amount of fins and the mass affected the flight of the rocket. The first graph showed the mass of the rockets and how high it flew. The data was parobolic. The rocket that was 46 g went the highest, and for the most part it got lower the further the mass left from that. The second graph showed the relationship of the number of fins to the altitude of the launch. The number of fins mostly had no relationship to the altitude.===

===Our rocket didn't fly very well. We had 5 fins, and they were claw shaped. The rocket went 21 meters in the air. The parachute never came out, and the motor shot out of the rocket in flames and landed on the ground.===



= Robot History = Robots have been used since ancient times. People have made many different types of robots. One of the earliest was in the 1st century, when someone built a robot that could speak in a fictional book. Throughout history, robots were made to do lots of things that humans could do. Some earlier robots could fly, play music, and act. Different kinds of calculators were created too. After this, the first computers were made. These were the first kinds of robots that could store information. In the 1980's the first robot with the motor inside of it was released, and worked better because it didn't need to make long transmissions to the motor. = = = Motors = Motors can be programmed to move a robot. A motor can be used to move one wheel, both wheels, or one faster than the other. If both wheels are moving at the same pace, the robot will move forwards or backwards. If one wheel is moving, the robot will do a point turn. If one wheel is moving faster than the other, it will do a curve turn.

= media type="file" key="JL ROBOT SQUARE.AVI" width="300" height="300" = = = = = =__ Geology on Earth __= = = Geologists use tools like hammers and hand lenses to find out about a rock or mineral. One way of determining a rock or mineral is seeing if the rock record shows evidence of certain minerals and organic molecules. Another is performing an acid test.

__ Geology on Mars __ The rover that we're sending to Mars carries an entire laboratory with it. The rover would drill into the ground, and collect the powder comes out. The rover would analyze the powder. From this, you would be able to tell a lot about the rock or mineral. It also has lasers that it will be able to use to analyze rocks on walls or places that it can't get too.

= = = Living Things = All living things have eight different characteristics. They all must be made of cells. Cells are made up of parts called organelles. Living things need materials to live. They need water, minerals, and some form of air. They take things that they need from the environment. Another thing that they all need is to be homeostatic. This means that they will try to always stay the same on the inside, and use a lot of energy to do it. They all need to respond to stimuli. A stimulus is something that causes living things to react. The two kind of responses to stimuli are positive and negative, meaning they either move towards or away. All living things reproduce. This is when organisms produce offspring of their own kind. They can either sexually reproduce or asexually reproduce. Sexual reproduction is done with two parents, while asexual reproduction is done with one. They all must grow also. They need to develop from a simpler form to a more complex form. All living things can adapt to the environment. Evolution is a kind of adaption. The last thing that all things that are living do is respire. This means that they release energy stored in the chemical bonds of food. Consumers must take in food to sustain life. Producers can create their own food.