Kristin+D

= __**Wiki Entry 1**__ = = Introduction = These paragraphs sum up science videos. These paragraphs are full of information from the videos. They are about various things in space. The first one talks about the creation and forming of the galaxies and universe. The second one talks about the Milky Way. The third one is about the life of a star. The fourth one is all about the sun. The fifth one is all about our solar system and how it was formed. This sums up the next five paragraphs.

= Big Bang to Galaxies =

This Video was called __Big Bang to Galaxies.__ This video talks about the universe and galaxies forming. At first it talks about the universe being formed about 15 billion years ago. Then it talked about it being a dense mixture of radiant energy and mixed particles. After that it told about atoms forming by having electrons orbiting protons when the universe reached 3,000 degrees Kelvin. Then the universe took on a sponge like structure. Then it explained that our galaxy formed when the universe was around 3 million years old. Then it talked about Galaxy collisions and how that resulted in the galaxies merging into one bigger galaxy. This has summed up the creation of our universe and galaxy.

= **The Milky Way Galaxy** =

This Video is called __The Milky Way Galaxy__. This video talks about the Milky Way and the way it is formed. It first talks about the Milky Way light and how it comes from a huge number of stars. Then it talks about the dark patches being areas filled with dust. Then it began to explain that the Milky Way is a disk with a central bulge. Then it said that four spiral arms protruded from the central bulge. Then it began to talk about the central bulge and the fact that the nucleus lies in the center of it. Then it talks about each star and gas cloud on the Milky Way orbiting by themselves. This sums up the Milky Way and everything in it.

=** The Lives of Stars **= This Video is called __The Lives of Stars__. This video is all about stars. First it talks about how stars form, they form in cold dark clouds of dust in inter stellar space. Then a protostar forms inside a zone free from all gas. Then it says after gas streams from the poles the star settles into a state without much change. Then it talks about how the biggest stars are bluish-white and the smallest stars are orange-red. Then it talks about what will happen when the sun expires it will shrink until enough gases are released so you can see the core then it slowly winks out. Then it talked about if stars much bigger than the sun expire what happens is the core of the star collapses and then the whole star blows apart.

= The Sun = This Video is called __The Sun__. This video is all about the sun. it first talks how the sun is a ball of hot gas. Then it says that during an eclipse the chromosphere is shown as a strip of red. Then it explains that heat rises to the surface of the sun and then falls back down when cool. Then it goes into how the Aurora is caused by a burst of energy from the sun crashing into the upper atmosphere. Then it says that the more the sun spins the more warped and distorted the magnetic field becomes. Then it talks about the sun spot cycle which lasts about eleven years. This sums up the sun.

= The History of Solar System = ==This Video is called The History of Solar System. This video is about the way the solar system was formed. It first talks about how the sun was formed, that gravity pulled together a cloud of gas and dust. Then it talks about how four large masses formed on what is now known as the outer solar system. The inner solar system also produced four smaller masses. Then it talks about the asteroid belt that lies between mars and Jupiter. The atmospheres of Venus, Earth, and Mars formed later possibly because of the gases from a volcano erupting. The oxygen the life is so dependent on was formed by plants. This sums up the creation of our solar system. == =__**Wiki Entry 2**__=

= Hubble Deep Field Academy = ==This Entry is about what astronomers learned from the Hubble pictures. One example of a question astronomers asked about Deep Field images are what do these objects teach us about how and when galaxies were formed? In the Hubble deep field image there are 3,000 objects. Stars, Elliptical galaxies, and Spiral galaxies were classified in this image. Astronomers can estimate distances using how much light the objects admit. The color of the galaxy indicates how old it is and the shape indicates what type it is. The astronomers estimate the number of galaxies by dividing the sky then counting the amount in one section after that they multiply that sector until they have the whole universe. This sums up what the Hubble Deep Field Academy taught us.== = = =__Wiki Entry 3__=

= The History of the Rocket =

==The beginning started with Hero. When he invented the aeolipile. It used steam to make a sphere rotate. The Chinese made bamboo gunpowder tubes to light up festivals. Then they experimented with the tubes and attached them to arrows. After the Chinese used these rockets on the Mongols, the Mongols went on to make there own version of the rocket. Robert Bacon improved types of gun powder. Jean Froissart found that rockets were more accurate when firing through tubes. Joanes de Froissart created a jet powered torpedo. In that time rockets were only used for two things fireworks and military reasons. In 1898 A Russian school teacher said that rockets might be able to explore space using a liquid propellant. Upon hearing this Robert Goddard invented a way to achieve flight with liquid oxygen and gasoline. Then rockets became an effective military weapons. Many intercontinental ballistic missiles were made for the use of the military. In 1957 the soviet union got a satellite into orbit then followed that with sending a dog into space. Soon the united states launched a satellite, formed our space program NASA and starting the great space race. Then many different types of rockets were developed as the demand for different rockets increase. That is the History of the rocket.==

 =Model Rocket Labeling = == Rocket Experiment

The purpose of our experiment was to find out if the mass of a rocket would affect the distance it flew. Our class all made the same type of rocket then we painted it so the masses would be different. They we went to a field with no one on it. Then we hooked up our launch pad. The people measuring angles took a trundle wheel and measured 100 meters from the launch site. Then when the rocket took off they used angle guns to find the angle of how high the rocket flew from where they were. Then we used a trigonometry equation to figure out how high the rocket flew. 100*Tan(angle). Then the answer to that is how high the rocket flew. Then we put all of our measurements into a scatter plot. We saw that there was a trend in data. The graph showed that the less mass our rockets had the higher they flew. = = When we flew our rocket it blasted off smoothly. It went up pretty straight but it went a little bit to the left because of the wind. Our rockets parachute worked perfectly. It landed on the ground smoothly and didn't break. It didn't fly very high, probably because we had a lot of paint on it. All of our mechanics worked even though our rocket didn’t fly the highest. That is a summary of how my our rocket flew.

Mars Rover Vehicle
Our Mars Rover had two balloons and a parachute to help it fall slower. We put the egg inside two cups to make sure it was secure. Then we added a platform made of Popsicle sticks to take and spread out the pressure of the fall. The balloons and parachute slowed the fall well and the Popsicle sticks worked to make sure pressure was not put on the egg. If I was going to do this again I would add more padding just in case but other then that I wouldn't add anything. The picture below shows our mars rover vehicle.



Programming Robots

To program your robots motor you can use a simple 5 step method on the robot or you can make a path on the computer. The 5 step method is when you just type in 5 commands directly on your robot. On your computer you put different commands into a path then you plug a USB cord into your computer and your robot. The path gets transferred onto the robot and it does the movements you programmed into the computer. The robot can do simple movements like moving forward, backward, right and left. It can wait and have a switch so depending on a certain circumstance different things would happen. One of the challenges of working with a motor is that if you make one small change on the computer you have to reload the sequence onto the robot

A sensor is something that can detect a sense. There are different sensors like Sound Sensors, Light Sensors, and the Ultra Sonic Sensor. You can use the sound sensors to make your robot dance or if it hears a loud sound it could go backward. You can use the light sensors to make your robot only go on one type of floor or when it hits a different color to turn around. You can use the Ultra Sonic sensor to avoid objects and do obstacle course. These sensors can all help you do certain tasks if the path is programmed right. 

=Geology on Mars =

There are many different ways to identify minerals. You can identify minerals by color, luster, Hardness, Streaks, Magnetism, Light refraction, taste and an Acid test. To do the color test and the luster test obviously you just have to look at them. To do the hardness test you have to scratch two items you know the hardness of with the mineral. To do the streak test you rub the mineral on a white streak plate and a black streak plate. To do the Magnetism you hold a magnet over the minerals and see if they are attracted. To do Light refraction test you hold the mineral over text and see what happens to the text. To do the taste test you break of a piece of the mineral and taste it. To do the Acid test you put Hydrochloric Acid on the minerals and the if it bubbles it is a Carbonate Compound. That is what you were going to do if you were identifying minerals on earth. 

The Curiosity is a Mars Rover. The curiosity will be able to perform geology experiments on mars. To do that first it must drill a hole in the rock with the small drill attached to the front of it. Then the powder that comes out would travel back into the rover. Then the powder is split into two evaluations. One would give information on mineralogy and the other would give information on whether there are organic molecules. The curiosity will be equipped with a laser so people can look at the rocks on outcrops. That is how the curiosity will analyze rocks and minerals.

Characteristics of Life There are eight characteristics of life. For something to be alive it must do all eight things at some point. The first characteristic is it must be made of cells. The second is it needs materials. An example is plants need CO2 and Water for photosynthesis and humans need calcium for bones and iron for blood. The next characteristic is it must be homeostatic. An example of this is the human body tries to keep the same temperature. The fourth characteristic is Responding to Stimuli. Stimulus is something that causes a living thing to react. The fifth characteristic is the ability to reproduce. Another characteristic is Growth. As a newborn we could only do three things voluntarily when you grow you develop ore responses. The seventh characteristic is the ability to adapt. Evolution is an example of adaptation. The last characteristic is Respiration. If something does all of these at some point it is living if they don’t do all of these things at some point then it is not living.

=Search for Life =

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">There are lots of ways to search for life on other planets. One way you can search for signs of life is to look for water. We could also look for organic remains and isotopic signatures. There is an argument about what is the best strategy of where to look for life. Some say it would be better to look at a volcano or a small river to look for life that has survived. Others say it would be better to look for fossil remains for life that was previously on mars. The Vikings were suited to look for life on mars when they were sent into space in 1976. on of the test was to mix a bit of Mars soil with a drop of water with nutrients and radioactive carbon atoms. Then if the soil had microbes it would release a gas that could be detected by the probes on the Viking. It also did many controlled experiments like heating the soil and keeping it in a dark space before adding the water. Those are some ways we are going to and already have search for life. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">