Chandler+C

= The Search For Life On Mars =

From Big Bang To Galaxies
The Universe started out as a speck and then grew and grew and is still expanding. The Universe will continue to expand until all the energy runs out. Once this occurs it will start to contract back into a speck. Galaxies were made from protons and neutrons collecting together and making big clumps of matter. Atoms are finally made, and at this time electrons start to orbit them due to magnetism. Galaxies and galaxy clusters are concentrated in shells and strings around huge empty voids. The Big Bang was just the start to billions of galaxies forming and creating new matter.

The Milky Way Galaxy
The Milky Way galaxy is the galaxy that we are currently living in. The Milky way has 4 arms spinning at all times. The arms of the Milky way make up the whole diameter of about 100,000 light years apart. The Milky ways central budge is made up of billions of stars and a central nucleus that is a black hole. The sun is halfway out from the center of the Milky way. On the earth the sky is made up of clumps of starts millions of light years away.

Stars from in cold dark clouds of gas and dust in interstellar space. There is a temperature in the start hot enough for there to be a nuclear reaction even when the star is only at its smallest state. The mass of stars is what determines what will happen to the star, its color, its shape, its size, its brightness. There are 7 different types of stars Each having different temperature, size, color, and mass. In a few billion years the sun will continue to grow and eventually explode.

The Sun
The Sun is the closest star to earth. The sun is made up of 76% hydrogen and most of the rest is helium. The Corona is the only part of the sun that can be seen during an eclipse. Each cell in the sun is hundreds of km. across. Spicules are heat flares that shoot up out of the sun. Sun spots appear on the sun. They are dark because they are tons of degrees cooler than the other parts of the sun

History Of The Solar System
The Sun formed when gravity pulled together a cloud of interstellar gas and dust. The Solar system was created about 4 billion years ago. Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune were all created then they were covered in gas. In the inner solar system there were too many collisions for larger planets to form so there were only 4 smaller planets formed named Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. The Moon was cratered about a hundred million years ago probably by a collision between the earth and a planet that was the size of mars, the moon is debris from that.


 * The Hubble Deep Field Academy **

= //**__Hubble Deep Field Academy__**// =

In the section Orientation the astronomers asked questions that goes under the lining of "How are the objects identified."

The First Level, the astronomers were estimation that there were 50-100 billion objects in the universe

The Second Level,Three objects that were classified were called elliptical, star, and spiral.

The Third Level, The astronomers taught me that measuring distance in the solar system is done by light emitted. The brighter the closer, the dimmer the farther.

The Fourth Level, The color of the galaxy is indicated by the brightness of the contained stars, the red is brighter the blue is dimmer.

I also learned on the fourth level that the formula used to estimate the number of galaxies the universe. This is called Representative sampling It is the amount of objects x12, then x3, then x30 million.

The Hubble Telescope Labeled

** The History of Rockets In The Making **
 * Rockets started out as just a crazy idea when a man named Hero of Alexandria used steam from a boiling kettle to propel a sphere in a circular direction. From there the Chinese with the idea of a rocket, which derived from their religious events, created a projectile connected to a stick in the form of an arrow. The Chinese used these “fire arrows” in their war against the Mongolians. This was believed to start the Mongols of their rocket building. In addition, because of the Mongol building the continent of Europe discovered the tactics. **
 * In modern times, a Russian schoolteacher by the name of Tsiolkovsky proposed an idea that stated “space exploration”. He proposed that liquid propellants were to be used so that a rocket could achieve a greater distance of travel. Then Goddard an American astronomer tried some experiments where he had a liquid propellant. Goddard was the one to create the gyroscope technology, so that the rocket could be controlled in the air. Goddard also created a parachute so that his rockets would have a safe landing. **




 * In the WW2 the V-2 rockets made by the Germans were able to devastate an area that before would never of been thought of. From there on, on October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched a rocket that was called Sputnik and this rocket was a model satellite. This was not the first attempt but it was the first success to reach the outside of the earth’s atmosphere. Then the Soviets a month later followed with a satellite carrying a dog named Laika. This was the first major breakthrough, proving that life could sub stand outside the atmosphere. **
 * Rockets through the history have proved many theory’s wrong and they are still discovering many new places that would be never heard of if Hero of Alexandria **** would not of set fire to the kettle. **




 * Parts Of Our Rocket **

The Rocket Launch Of History

Our rocket was built from a kit. Once this was done we painted the rocket, this difference of paint changed the mass of the rockets. We walked out and one person used the trundle wheel to measure 100 meters away. Once this was done the rocket was hooked up, and the electric ignition was attached. Then we did a count down and the button was pressed, the amount of thrust was amazing at the rocket launched itself into the air.



The rockets that were near the 46 (g) range flew the highest on average. This states that our hypothesis was incorrect and that the heavier the mass the higher the rocket goes is incorrect. The Rocket flew higher on the first day on average. media type="file" key="Wagner_-_Ride_of_the_Valkyries.mp3" width="240" height="20"

The Dropping Of The Rover

During the Mars Rover Drop, I was in a group with Justin and Rory. We crafted a ship that would bounce upon landing and would not take much impact on the egg. The Rover was built with a balloon that was weighted. Then there was a capsule or a blown up gallon size zip-lock bag. Inside the gallon sized bag there was a cup with plastic pop sheets. Inside the plastic pop sheets we put the egg. Then there was pipe cleaners that were put around the ship so that the egg would stay in. Then there was weights made out of Popsicle sticks that would be tied to the balloon so that it would stay facing downwards.

It was designed so that the ship would stay with the balloon to take the impact. The ship did land on the tarp and the egg was successfully retrieved. However I feel that if we were to do this project again then we would use more balloon's. This way there was more impact being taken in by the balloons and less chance for the egg to hit the ground. The only problem we faced was that one of our balloons popped during the making of this ship. We do not know how this happened yet we still had a successful drop.



The Programming Of The Lego Mine storm Robot Motors are the most important part of the robot. Each motor has been built so that it can control a certain part of the robot. The robot used 2 motors, these were used to move the wheels forward. The motors can work in parallel. Meaning one can move one way while the other doesn't move or one not move at all while the other moves. The motors can do commands like move the robot forwards, backwards, or spin. The motors can also have the robot move a certain amount of rotations or degrees.

The Sensors are a part of the robot that can detect different types od energy. The energy is then turned into electrical energy. The sensors can detect kinetic, nuclear, thermal, chemical, and electromagnetic. A robot can only read and understand electrical energy. The sound sensor for example uses mechanical energy because it is taking a large amount of energy to create a different tupe of energy. The sensors on a robot can detect anything that comes due to some of its sensors. All you have to do is set up the program.

Geology On Mars Geologist can test a mineral to determine what it is. The mineral can be tested by, cleavage and fracture, streak, acid tests, and many more. Minerals can also be identified by chemical changes such as acid tests. HCl can be placed on a mineral then if there is a fizz you can assume that there is a carbonate compound in the mineral. Cleavage and fracture will help determine what the chemical compound of the mineral is, If it cuts clean or jagged. Streak tests will be done on plates and the object will be scratched to see what color its streak is. Curiosity will preform its experiments by taking a sample and sending data back to NASA HQ where it will then be for seen and identified by geologists. Curiosity will also be able to look at different samples and take samples to make identifications and send results back to NASA HQ. Curiosity was one of the biggest space explorations achievements of history.

=** What "Really" Is Life?!?!?!? **=

All living things must have everyone of these happen to themselves at a given point in their lifetime. A living thing needs to be made of cells meaning that it needs to have the fundamentals of living things. A living thing also needs materials such as water and or food. A living thing will rely on itself being Homeostatic meaning that the living thing must be able to maintain a steady collection of itself. A living thing must be able to respond to stimuli, in other words it must be able to move away if something is bad, and it must be able to move closer if something is good. A living thing must be able to reproduce meaning that it must be able to keep its own kind from going extinct. A living thing will grow at a given point in its lifetime depending on weather it is a lot of growth or a little. A living thing must be able to adapt to an extinct. Meaning that it must be able to try to live in all conditions. All living things will respire during their lifetimes, they will release energy stored in themselves in some way.

We can detect living things on other planets by doing some tests/ observations. Take mars for example. Mars shows that it has had rivers before. Scientists discovered this by looking at pictures that were taken from expeditions. There are paths in the land that almost look like river bends. Also if you look under the surface they actually found some water, although it was overflowed by CO2 the water was an amazing discovery. This was found by the first thought of making a robot. Then space exploration. Then the trip to mars. Then the photos being taken. With the discovery of water scientists now have the knowledge that there is a possibility of life. All of this plays a huge role on how you can preform scientific tests to determine life on other planets.



 All living things must have everyone of these happen to themselves at a given point in their lifetime. A living thing needs to be made of cells meaning that it needs to have the fundamentals of living things. A living thing also needs materials such as water and or food. A living thing will rely on itself being Homeostatic meaning that the living thing must be able to maintain a steady collection of itself. A living thing must be able to respond to stimuli, in other words it must be able to move away if something is bad, and it must be able to move closer if something is good. A living thing must be able to reproduce meaning that it must be able to keep its own kind from going extinct. A living thing will grow at a given point in its lifetime depending on weather it is a lot of growth or a little. A living thing must be able to adapt to an extinct. Meaning that it must be able to try to live in all conditions. All living things will respire during their lifetimes, they will release energy stored in themselves in some way.