Rory+H

the search for life on mars
THE BIG BANG

__The big bang__ started it all, it also started from nothing but the size of an atom then exploded into many simple particles. The universe kept growing and growing, it started as something about the size of the earth and grew from there. 300,000 years later nuclei and actual atoms started to form. These matter and antimatter particles where formed and then annihilated into energy about 2 billion years later galaxy's started to form there where many different shaped galaxy's and just many galaxy's. so overall it all started with the big bang, BANG!

THE MILKY WAY

The milky way galaxy is our home 2.5 million light years away from the closest galaxy the Andromeda galaxy. In our galaxy there is the sun, some of the dust in the big bang was used to create the sun. some left over dust was used to make the gas giants and our planet earth. The earth was formed from colliding asteroids some would collide and be sent into dust and others would stick together to make larger masses. these larger masses would soon have enough gravity to be considered planets and attract moons. The earth got its atmosphere from volcanos The oxygen in our atmosphere was produced from plants that took in co2 and spit out oxygen. We believe that the moon orbiting us was created from an asteroid collision into our planet when it was still hot. Our galaxy has a lot of history but its good to have general knowledge of it no matter what you are doing.

THE STARS

Stars, brilliant balls of light with ought our nearest star the sun we wouldn't be able to see, we would be living in constant darkness stars are created from the dust in cold dark places. The stars are so hot that they are capable of nuclear reactions. Some tempitures of larger stars can get up to 40,000 degrees. When a star is dying it either goes into a super nova (a massive implosion then explosion of the stars energy), or it just fades into a white dwarf and then nothing. the sun can normally make elements up too iron but during a supernova there is enough energy to make uranium.

THE SUN

The __sun__ our star, it provides life and light on our planet with ought it there would be no plants no us the sun acts like a giant atom converter it creates atoms and destroys them for energy. Every second 4 million tons of hydrogen is turned into energy 76% of its mass is hydrogen, the rest is helium. During an eclipse you can see the shining behind the sun that outer layer is called the cornea. The red part that peeks through is the called the chromosphere. Oh and if you ever wondered where the aura comes from it is the particles being let off from the sun being drawn to the poles

HISTORY OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The milky way galaxy is our home there are billions of stars I it. Looking t it on eye level it is a disk with a bulge in the middle the disk is 100000 light-years across and the bulge is 20000 light-years across. The sun is in-between the middle and outer part of our galaxy. The entire galaxy rotates due to dark mater which acts like gravity but really isn't there.

Hubble Deep Field Academy Discovery Lab
There where 5 questions that the astronomers had


 * 1) How many objects are there


 * 1) How can they be classified and identified


 * 1) How far away are they


 * 1) What are the objects we cant classify


 * 1) What do these objects teach us about how and when galaxy's where formed

1. what are the blurs in the picture

1. why is the top right not shown

There is an estimated 50,000,000,000-100,000,000,000 objects in space

Irregular- no definite shape

Spiral- a galaxy with many arms

Oval- self explanatory oval



Astronomers can estimate distances by using the light emitted from the objects or by looking at certain pictures taken from a telescope at different times, the only bad thing is we think that we are in the center of the universe now. Every galaxy has a color and shape these can indicate different things like a bright blue star means it is super massive but doesn't last long and the shapes are very important to like a big blurry patch will be a galaxy. So with ought the shapes and colors you couldn't tell anything. Now to estimate how many things there are in a picture they divide it into quadrants then chose one quadrant than divide that one quadrant into 12 sectors count how many objects there are then multiply it by 12 then that by 4 and you have an OK estimate.

rocket history


This is one of the first ever engines, the hero engine one of the first engines, This was steam powered. It worked by a fire under the engine getting a bowl full of water to make steam that would then go through a pipe to the engine being forced out of pipes facing opposite direction to cause it to spin. The next thing is Chinese fire rockets these where like regular rockets that used a solid propellant (gunpowder) they would then light this on fire and there fore creating thrust to push the rocket forward. They used these rockets for many things. They used rockets on arrows (as you can imagine that didn't work well) they also used them as a big scaring device like when the Mongols invaded and they fired off some fire works and they retreated. The Chinese also figured out that if you put certain metals in they would burn different colors.

during WW1 the Germans where utilizing the power of rockets in war type circumstances the German army developed the v-2 rockets so they could bomb places like in WW1 they bombed almost all of London. The took a club that made rockets and took their designs and slightly tweaked them. They added war head to the end and then added some other things like a gyroscope to keep the rocket stable. These rockets where devastating. The history of rockets are quite interesting in my opinion. Thanks for reading.

V-2 rocket

model rocket parts labeled
Nose cone -used for an aerodynamic flight and streamlines air around the rocket Body tube- keeps everything inside, aka payload housing Recovery parachute- provides an easy decent Shock cord- keeps the nose cone and chute Launch lug- keeps rocket on a straight path Fin's- provide a stable ride up Recovery wading- provides a buffer between the engine and parachute

[[image:ca-science7/labled rocket.png]]
=how the mass of the rocket effects the rockets high=

Summery of rocket flight The purpose of this experiment was to find out if the mass of the rocket affected the flight of the rocket. To do this we build a rocket from a kit so they are all exactly the same except the amount of glue and the paint. After the paint dried we measured the mass. after we recorded data we went outside to launch the rocket. We measured 100 m away and then used an angle gun to find the angle so we could use trig to find the high of the rocket our rocket went 63.7 m In all our rocket flew really well and the second highest in the class if we had painted more on the rocket or used a tad bit more glue then our rocket might have gone furtherthan other groups in our class. This shows that slight changes can effect everything, just look at our graph.

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Egg drop/ mars rover drop. In this project we di a egg drop with the twist of the egg being the mars rover. Our team had to design and build a "egg dropper" carrier package but we had to be able to put it in and take it out in 45 seconds. We originally designed ours with 2 balloons but sadly they broke and we where down to one. We needed a buffer between the bag and the egg so we added a counter weight so the balloon would hit first. This design worked but I would change it so there was more padding in the bag because that didn’t have much padding in it.



robots and how they work

On the tri-bot there are 3 motors the motors have a series of gears and a tachometer that measures the rotations on the car. The motors are eseneschal to the car. To go left you would make the right wheel turn and the left wheel stay the same. The same process is used for a right turn except it is vice-versa. To make a turn regularly you move one wheel faster than the other so it slowly turns to one side. And the motors can also go backwards. And that is how the motors work.

On the Lego mind storms robot you can also add on different attachments. The main 4 attachments can be seen in the picture above. The senses are the ones not connected to the top of the mini computer those are the motors that run the Lego robot. The first sense is the sound sensor, this sensor takes the sound waves and converts them into energy levels that are as high as the noise a lawnmower puts out. Next, the touch sensor. The touch sensor uses crystals that when crushed complete the path that triggers a electrical reaction from the sensor to the tri-bot. the light sensor will detect a line and even follow it by measuring the darkness of the line. And it will work in a dark room because it emits its own light also. The last one is the ultra sonic which works like the sound sensor but it puts out high frequency's that you and I cant hear and then receives them and will either go or stop or trigger another program.

tri-bot

sensors and motors There are many ways that you can test to find what the different rocks are. The first test is just to look an use observations to I identify the rock. Then you can look at the way that light refracts, if any light refracts at all, you can also use a streak and a cleave test. Cleaving is when you break a rock and see how it breaks. For instance mica breaks in very thin sheets. The streak test is when you rub a rock against a Wight panel or a black panel and look at the color of the mark left on the tile. Sometimes these rocks will e blue and leave a green mark so if they look the same then maybe they don’t streak the same. The final test is to uses some acids. For instance hydrocloric acid will make calcite bubble. All of these rocks and minerals have different properties which makes it eraser to identify. The newest mars rover curiosity is currently on mars and is preforming experiments right now. For instance in the search for water we found a rock that was only found in water so this proves that there once was water in those areas. The mars rover can go further than we can right now so this is very usful to finding out the history of mars.

What makes something alive

To show that something is alive you need to know the characteristics of things living, These characteristics are.

-Made of cells

For something to be living it has to be made of cells. Cells are like the atoms of living things they are the smallest living organism that we have detected yet. And these cells make up you and I and every animal in this world.

-Need materials

All living things need materials, like us we need oxygen and water to live. So far you can tell something is living if it has al of these characteristics. Al living things need materials even plants that make their own food they need minerals, heat and water to do that.

-Homeostatic

Homeostatic- this means that living things are trying to stay the same inside. We are constantly spending energy (1/3 of our entire body's energy) to stay the same inside. This is why our body loves sleep.

-Respond to stimuli

This means that if you interact with something and it responds even if it is very slow. For example the "sensitivity" plant will close its leaves when touched, or a venous fly trap which will close its mouth to devour small insects

-Reproduce

This means that all living things can have of spring. This can happen In 2 ways sexual or asexual, sexual is when 2 parents have off spring and asexual is when one parent has offspring(a clone). There are advantages the either one a clone is much faster to make but the advantages of sexual off spring is diversity.

-Grow

All living things grow. Just think to when you where a baby and now how much bigger you are now. This is a result of you taking in what you need for your body for example milk has lots of calcium that will help you build strong bones.

-Adapted

Adapted- Modifications that make an organism suited to its certain life

-Respiration

How you get your energy, this process lets you release sugars from food to give you energy.

You can find life in many placers on other planets. For example al life we know needs water so there for when we found water on mars we could guess that there once was water if some of that water was frozen some life forms might be dormant inside of the ice proving that there was or is life. You can also find life through the geology. Some rocks can only be made in the presence of water so there must have been water and possible life. You can also look for fossils buried under the ground.